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Culminating Projects in History
Culminating Project Title
Author
Date of Award
5-2017
Culminating Project Type
Thesis
Degree Name
History: Public History: M.A. Atomix_nolimit mac os.
Department
History
College
Crow Knight: Waltz Of The Knight Mac Os 11
College of Liberal Arts
Crow Knight: Waltz Of The Knight Mac Os Catalina
First Advisor
Mary Wingerd
Second Advisor
The cave [early demo] mac os. Robert Galler
Third Advisor
Iyekiyapiwin Darlene St. Clair
Creative Commons License
Crow Knight: Waltz Of The Knight Mac Os 8
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.
Keywords and Subject Headings
Ho-Chunk (Winnebago), U.S.-Dakota War, Mankato Minnesota, Ethnic Cleansing, Hate Groups, Knights of the Forest (Secret Society)
Abstract
The Knights of the Forest was an 1863 secret society that formed in Mankato, MN, during the aftermath of the U.S.-Dakota War. They took an oath to advocate for the banishment of 'all Indians' from the state of Minnesota. But newspaper articles written by and about four members show that the organization was only concerned with the exile of the Ho-Chunk people, who had not participated in the U.S.-Dakota War. In the winter of 1862-1863, settlers in the Mankato region pressured the federal government for Ho-Chunk removal under the threat of extermination of the Ho-Chunk people. Their reservation had comprised the majority of prime farmland in Blue Earth County just southeast of Mankato since 1855. The Knights of the Forest sent armed men to surround the Ho-Chunk land and shoot anyone who crossed the line. Once the Ho-Chunk were forced from the county in May of 1863, the secret society ceased to exist. Hundreds of Ho-Chunk people died because of their removal from Minnesota. Conditions at Crow Creek Reservation in South Dakota were so desolate many left to Omaha or back to their Wisconsin homeland within months. Meanwhile, new settlers moved onto their former southwestern Minnesota reservation, and Blue Earth County experienced its earliest economic expansion at the expense of the Ho-Chunk Nation.
Recommended Citation
Coats, Catherine M., ''Extermination or Removal': The Knights of the Forest and Ethnic Cleansing in Early Minnesota' (2017). Culminating Projects in History. 11.
https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/hist_etds/11
Grand Lodge of the Knights of the Forest Ritual
Petition for Ho-Chunk Removal.pdf (6581 kB)
Petition for Ho-Chunk Removal
Maps.pdf (383 kB)
Maps
Included in
To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.
NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.
College of Liberal Arts
Crow Knight: Waltz Of The Knight Mac Os Catalina
First Advisor
Mary Wingerd
Second Advisor
The cave [early demo] mac os. Robert Galler
Third Advisor
Iyekiyapiwin Darlene St. Clair
Creative Commons License
Crow Knight: Waltz Of The Knight Mac Os 8
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.
Keywords and Subject Headings
Ho-Chunk (Winnebago), U.S.-Dakota War, Mankato Minnesota, Ethnic Cleansing, Hate Groups, Knights of the Forest (Secret Society)
Abstract
The Knights of the Forest was an 1863 secret society that formed in Mankato, MN, during the aftermath of the U.S.-Dakota War. They took an oath to advocate for the banishment of 'all Indians' from the state of Minnesota. But newspaper articles written by and about four members show that the organization was only concerned with the exile of the Ho-Chunk people, who had not participated in the U.S.-Dakota War. In the winter of 1862-1863, settlers in the Mankato region pressured the federal government for Ho-Chunk removal under the threat of extermination of the Ho-Chunk people. Their reservation had comprised the majority of prime farmland in Blue Earth County just southeast of Mankato since 1855. The Knights of the Forest sent armed men to surround the Ho-Chunk land and shoot anyone who crossed the line. Once the Ho-Chunk were forced from the county in May of 1863, the secret society ceased to exist. Hundreds of Ho-Chunk people died because of their removal from Minnesota. Conditions at Crow Creek Reservation in South Dakota were so desolate many left to Omaha or back to their Wisconsin homeland within months. Meanwhile, new settlers moved onto their former southwestern Minnesota reservation, and Blue Earth County experienced its earliest economic expansion at the expense of the Ho-Chunk Nation.
Recommended Citation
Coats, Catherine M., ''Extermination or Removal': The Knights of the Forest and Ethnic Cleansing in Early Minnesota' (2017). Culminating Projects in History. 11.
https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/hist_etds/11
Grand Lodge of the Knights of the Forest Ritual
Petition for Ho-Chunk Removal.pdf (6581 kB)
Petition for Ho-Chunk Removal
Maps.pdf (383 kB)
Maps
Included in
To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.
NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.
When an HTTP client (generally a web browser) requests a URL that points to a directory structure instead of an actual web page within the directory, the web server will generally serve a default page, which is often referred to as a main or 'index' page.
Crow Knight: Waltz Of The Knight Mac Os Update
A common filename for such a page is index.html
, but most modern HTTP servers offer a configurable list of filenames that the server can use as an index. If a server is configured to support server-side scripting, the list will usually include entries allowing dynamic content to be used as the index page (e.g. index.php
, index.shtml
, index.jsp
, default.asp
) even though it may be more appropriate to still specify the HTML output (index.html.php
or index.html.aspx
), as this should not be taken for granted. An example is the popular open source web server Apache, where the list of filenames is controlled by the DirectoryIndex
[1] Voeux mac os. directive in the main server configuration file or in the configuration file for that directory. It is possible to make do without file extensions at all, and be neutral to content delivery methods, and set the server to automatically pick the best file through content negotiation.
If the server is unable to find a file with any of the names listed in its configuration, it may either return an error (generally 404 Not Found) or generate its own index page listing the files in the directory. It may also return a 403 Index Listing Forbidden. Usually this option is also configurable.
History[edit]
A scheme where web server serves a default file on per-subdirectory basis has been supported as early as NCSA HTTPd 0.3beta (22 April 1993),[2] which defaults to serve index.html
file in the directory.[2][3] This scheme has been then adopted by CERN HTTPd since at least 2.17beta (5 April 1994), which its default supports Welcome.html
and welcome.html
in addition to the NCSA-originated index.html
.[4]
Crow Knight: Waltz Of The Knight Mac Os Download
Later web servers typically support this default file scheme in one form or another; this is usually configurable, with index.html
being one of the default file names.[5][6][7]
Implementation[edit]
In some cases, the home page of a website can be a menu of language options for large sites that use geo targeting. It is also possible to avoid this step, for example by using content negotiation.
In cases where no index.html
exists within a given directory, the web server may be configured to provide an automatically-generated listing of the files within the directory instead. With the Apache web server, for example, this behavior is provided by the mod_autoindex module[8] and controlled by the Options +Indexes
directive[9] in the web server configuration files.
References[edit]
- ^'mod_dir - Apache HTTP Server'. httpd.apache.org. Retrieved 2014-05-30.
- ^ ab'WWW-Talk Apr-Jun 1993: NCSA httpd version 0.3'. 1997.webhistory.org.
- ^'NCSA HTTPd DirectoryIndex'. January 31, 2009. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009.
- ^'Change History of W3C httpd'. June 5, 1997. Archived from the original on June 5, 1997.
- ^'mod_dir - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 § DirectoryIndex Directive'. httpd.apache.org. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^'NGINX Docs | Serving Static Content'. docs.nginx.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^'Default Document | Microsoft Docs'. docs.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on 2020-12-08. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^'mod_autoindex - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4'. httpd.apache.org. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^'core - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 § Options Directive'. httpd.apache.org. Retrieved 2021-01-13.